{"id":2663,"date":"2023-11-28T11:07:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-28T11:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/shipbreaking-desmantelamento-de-navios\/"},"modified":"2026-04-02T16:35:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T16:35:18","slug":"shipbreaking-desmantelamento-de-navios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/shipbreaking-desmantelamento-de-navios\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de Navires (Shipbreaking)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>O\u00f9 a lieu le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Avant le renforcement des normes environnementales, le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement se faisait surtout en Europe et aux \u00c9tats\u2011Unis. Aujourd\u2019hui, la plupart des plus de 1 000 navires d\u00e9construits chaque ann\u00e9e sont \u00e9chou\u00e9s sur trois grands sites de \u00ab beaching \u00bb en Asie du Sud : Alang\u2011Sosiya (Inde), Chattogram (Bangladesh) et Gadani (Pakistan), o\u00f9 l\u2019application du droit de l\u2019environnement et du travail est beaucoup plus faible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact du beaching<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Cette pratique, qui consiste \u00e0 \u00e9chouer les navires sur la plage et \u00e0 utiliser les mar\u00e9es pour faciliter la d\u00e9coupe, entra\u00eene :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Destruction de la vie marine et dommages environnementaux consid\u00e9rables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conditions de travail extr\u00eamement dangereuses : exposition \u00e0 des substances toxiques (plomb, mercure, PCB, TBT) et accidents mortels fr\u00e9quents. L\u2019OIT classe le shipbreaking parmi les activit\u00e9s les plus dangereuses au monde.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R\u00e9percussions \u00e9conomiques, sanitaires et environnementales sur les communaut\u00e9s locales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Comment les navires y parviennent\u2011ils ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Peu d\u2019armateurs recourent \u00e0 des chantiers de recyclage certifi\u00e9s. Il est courant de vendre les navires \u00e0 des interm\u00e9diaires qui les acheminent vers ces plages afin de r\u00e9duire co\u00fbts et responsabilit\u00e9s. L\u2019utilisation de <strong>pavillons de complaisance<\/strong> dans des \u00c9tats faiblement r\u00e9glement\u00e9s permet de contourner les obligations des pays d\u2019origine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cadre juridique international et europ\u00e9en<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Convention de B\u00e2le (1989)<\/strong> \u2013 Emp\u00eache que les pays en d\u00e9veloppement ne deviennent des d\u00e9charges pour les d\u00e9chets dangereux des pays industrialis\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Amendement \u00ab Ban \u00bb (1994)<\/strong> \u2013 Interdit l\u2019exportation de d\u00e9chets dangereux des pays de l\u2019OCDE vers les pays non membres.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u00e8glement (CE) 1013\/2006<\/strong> \u2013 Transpose la Convention de B\u00e2le dans le droit de l\u2019UE pour les transferts transfrontaliers de d\u00e9chets, y compris les navires en fin de vie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Convention de Hong Kong<\/strong> \u2013 Convention de l\u2019OMI sur le recyclage s\u00fbr et \u00e9cologiquement rationnel des navires ; moins stricte, elle n\u2019interdit pas le beaching et repose largement sur le pavillon du navire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u00e8glement (UE) 1257\/2013<\/strong> \u2013 Plus rigoureux, il interdit le beaching et impose de meilleures conditions de travail, mais est critiqu\u00e9 pour ne plus classer les navires en fin de vie comme \u00ab d\u00e9chets dangereux \u00bb, ce qui semble entrer en tension avec la Convention de B\u00e2le.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Et le Portugal ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Malgr\u00e9 sa tradition maritime, le Portugal ne s\u2019est pas impos\u00e9 comme p\u00f4le de recyclage de navires conforme aux standards internationaux. La Commission europ\u00e9enne a d\u2019ailleurs engag\u00e9 une proc\u00e9dure d\u2019infraction contre le pays pour non\u2011transposition des r\u00e8gles europ\u00e9ennes en la mati\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principales sources<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><small style=\"font-size: 9px;\">NGO Shipbreaking Platform&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.shipbreakingplatform.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.shipbreakingplatform.org<\/a><br>BAN&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ban.org\/green-ship-recycling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ban.org\/green-ship-recycling<\/a><br>Care Ratings&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.careratings.com\/upload\/NewsFiles\/Studies\/Ship%20Breaking%20Industry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.careratings.com\/upload\/NewsFiles\/Studies\/Ship%20Breaking%20Industry.pdf<\/a><br>Basel: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.basel.int\/Implementation\/LegalMatters\/BanAmendment\/Overview\/tabid\/1484\/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.basel.int\/Implementation\/LegalMatters\/BanAmendment\/Overview\/tabid\/1484\/Default.aspx<\/a><br>Marine Insight: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marineinsight.com\/environment\/10-largest-ship-graveyards-in-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.marineinsight.com\/environment\/10-largest-ship-graveyards-in-the-world\/<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00eddeos<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><small style=\"font-size: 9px;\">Final Destination: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XDiuqcx-vpI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XDiuqcx-vpI<\/a><br>Chittagong: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5waCscf2a00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5waCscf2a00<\/a><br>Alang-Sosiya: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5jdEG_ACXLw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5jdEG_ACXLw<\/a><br>Gadani: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MHzhMAInv2Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MHzhMAInv2Q<\/a><br>Aliaga: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z5XQDtvagHw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z5XQDtvagHw<\/a><br>National Geographic: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WOmtFN1bfZ8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WOmtFN1bfZ8<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ql-heading\">Rita Duarte | <a class=\"ql-link\" href=\"mailto:rduarte@rosarioduarte.pt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rduarte@rosarioduarte.pt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"btn gray\" href=\"http:\/\/eepurl.com\/gyHAu1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inscrivez-vous \u00e0 notre Newsletter<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading ql-heading\"><strong>Contactez-nous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/contacts\/\">ici<\/a> et planifiez votre r\u00e9union.<\/strong><\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O\u00f9 a lieu le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement ? Avant le renforcement des normes environnementales, le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2663"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2663\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2671,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2663\/revisions\/2671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosarioduarte.pt\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}